Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!

We're trying to save the earth. We're trying to save the earth. 我们正在努力拯救地球。

Section A

A 部分

Language Goal：Talk about pollution and environmental protectio Language Goal：Talk about pollution and environmental protectio 语言目标：谈论污染和环境保护


1a

Here are some words related to different kinds of pollution. Write them in the box below. Then add more words. Here are some words related to different kinds of pollution. Write them in the box below. Then add more words. 以下是一些与不同类型的污染有关的单词。把它们写在下面的方框里。然后添加更多单词。 单词 loud music   cars   rubbish   planes   littering   ships   factories   smoking   building houses   mobile phones 大声的音乐；汽车；垃圾；飞机；乱扔垃圾；船舶；工厂；吸烟；建造房屋；移动电话


1b

Listen and complete the sentences. Listen and complete the sentences. 听录音，完成以下句子。 录音对话 Tony ：Hey, Mark, maybe we could go swimming in the river later this afternoon.
Mark：I don't think I want to go, Tony.
Tony ：Why not?
Mark：I was there last weekend and the river was really dirty. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish, and there were no more fish for fishermen to catch.
Tony ：No way! It used to be so clean. In fact, it has always been the nicest river in this town.
Mark：Not anymore. I think people are throwing litter into the river. Factories are also putting waste into the river.
Tony ：That's terrible! We should write to the government. They should close down the factories.
Mark：Good idea! But I think everyone in this town should help to clean up the river, too. Everyone should play a part, not just the government. 托尼：嘿，马克，也许今天下午晚些时候我们可以去河里游泳。
马克：我想我不想去，托尼。
托尼：为什么不呢？
马克：我上周末去了那里，河水真的很脏。就连河底也满是垃圾，渔民再也抓不到鱼了。
托尼：不可能！它以前很干净。事实上，它一直是这个镇上最好的河流。
马克：现在不是了。我想人们正在往河里扔垃圾。工厂也在向河里排放废物。
托尼：太可怕了！我们应该给政府写信。他们应该关闭工厂。
马克：好主意！但我认为这个镇上的每个人都应该帮助清理这条河。每个人都应该发挥作用，而不仅仅是政府。 短语 What was the problem?
The river was _________ . Even the botton of the river was full of _________ . There were no more _________ for fishermen to catch.

What caused the problem?
People are throwing _________ into the river. Factories are putting _________ into the river.

How should the problem be solved?
We should write to the _________ and ask them to _________ the factories. Everyone should help to _________ the river. 出了什么问题？
河水是 _________ 。就连河底都是 _________ 。渔民们再也抓不到 _________ 了。

问题出在哪里？
人们把 _________ 扔进河里。工厂正在向河里投放 _________ 。

该如何解决这个问题？
我们应该写信给 _________ ，请他们到工厂去。每个人都应该帮助这条河。


1c

Role-play the conversation. Then make your own conversations about the kinds of pollution in 1a. Role-play the conversation. Then make your own conversations about the kinds of pollution in 1a. 角色扮演对话。然后就 1a 中的污染种类进行自己的对话。 对话 Mark：The river was dirty. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.
Tony：But it used to be so clean!
Mark：Yes, but people are throwing litter into the river.
Tony：Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up! 马克：河水很脏。就连河底也堆满了垃圾。
托尼：但它过去很干净！
马克：是的，但是人们往河里扔垃圾。
托尼：这个镇上的每个人都应该参与清理！


2a

Listen to the interview. Circle the kinds of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about. Listen to the interview. Circle the kinds of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about. 听面试。圈出杰森和苏珊谈论的污染种类。 录音对话 Interviewer：Today we're talking to Jason and Susan about environmental problems. Jason and Susan, can you tell us about some of the problems you've seen?
Jason    ：I think one problem is that the air is badly polluted. I hardly ever see blue skies anymore.
Susan   ：Yes, and I used to see the stars clearly.
Interviewer：What do you think has caused this problem?
Susan   ：Well, there are more cars on the road these days.
Jason    ：And factories that burn coal also pollute the air with a lot of black smoke.
Interviewer：What other problems do you see?
Susan   ：I guess there's too much rubbish and waste in the streets.
Jason    ：Yes! Every day people are throwing away things like wooden chopsticks, plastic bowls and plastic bags.
Susan   ：They're also littering in public places, for example, during picnics in parks. This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones.
Interviewer：You're right. These are serious problems for our environment. Next, let's talk about the things we can do to help. 记者：今天我们要和杰森和苏珊谈谈环境问题。杰森和苏珊，你能告诉我们你看到的一些问题吗？
杰森：我认为一个问题是空气污染严重。我几乎再也看不到蓝天了。
苏珊：是的，我过去常常能清楚地看到星星。
记者：你认为是什么导致了这个问题？
苏珊：嗯，最近路上有更多的车。
杰森：燃烧煤炭的工厂也会排放大量黑烟污染空气。
记者：你还看到了什么问题？
苏珊：我想街上的垃圾和废物太多了。
杰森：是的！每天人们都在扔掉木筷子、塑料碗和塑料袋等东西。
苏珊：他们还在公共场所乱扔垃圾，比如在公园野餐时。这正在把美丽的地方变成丑陋的地方。
记者：你说得对。这些对我们的环境来说都是严重的问题。接下来，让我们谈谈我们可以做些什么来提供帮助。 选项 A. land pollution
B. air pollution
C. noise pollution
D. water pollution A.土地污染
B.空气污染
C.噪音污染
D.水污染


2b

Listen again and complete the sentences. Listen again and complete the sentences. 再听一遍，完成以下句子。 短语
  1. The air is badly polluted because there are _________ on the road tese days.
  2. Factories that burn coal also _________ the air with a lot of black smoke.
  3. There is also too much rubbish and waste. People _________ things every day.
  4. People are also littering in _________ like parks. This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones.
  1. 空气污染严重，因为路上有 _________ 天。
  2. 烧煤的工厂也会在空气中产生大量黑烟。
  3. 垃圾和废物也太多了。人每天 _________ 件事。
  4. 人们也在 _________ 类公园里乱扔垃圾。这正在把美丽的地方变成丑陋的地方。


2c

Use the information in 2a and 2b to role-play conversations between Jason and Susan. Use the information in 2a and 2b to role-play conversations between Jason and Susan. 使用 2a 和 2b 中的信息在 Jason 和 Susan 之间进行角色扮演对话。 对话 Jason：The air has become really polluted around here. I'm getting very worried.
Susan：Yes, I used to be able to see stars in the sky.
Jason：The problem is that ... 杰森：这里的空气真的被污染了。我越来越担心了。
苏珊：是的，我以前能看到天上的星星。
杰森：问题是 ...


2d

Role-play the conversation. Role-play the conversation. 角色扮演对话。 对话 Interviewer ：Jason and Susan, what are your ideas for solving these problems?
Jason   ：Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
Susan     ：Yeah, or ride a bike. There are other advantages of bike riding. It's good for health and it doesn't cost anything!
Interviewer ：Great ideas! What about waste pollution?
Susan     ：Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.
Jason   ：Me, too. Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when I buy takeaway food. I use the ones at home.
Susan    ：And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone.
Interviewer ：So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! 记者 ：杰森和苏珊，你对解决这些问题有什么想法？
杰森 ：嗯，为了减少空气污染，我们应该坐公共汽车或地铁，而不是开车。
苏珊 ：一年，或者骑自行车。骑自行车还有其他优点。它对健康有益，而且不花钱！
采访者：好主意！废物污染怎么办？
苏珊 ：嗯，我觉得带个包去购物这样简单的事情会有帮助。我一年前就开始这么做了。
杰森 ：我也是。此外，我买外卖时从不带木筷子或塑料叉子。我用家里的。
苏珊 ：记得把垃圾扔到垃圾桶里，保持公共场所干净美观。
采访者：所以，我们的共同行动可以带来改变，并带来一个更美好的未来！


3a

Read the passage about sharks and complete the fact sheet below. Read the passage about sharks and complete the fact sheet below. 阅读关于鲨鱼的文章，并完成下面的情况介绍。 短文

Save the Sharks!


Many have heard of shark fin soup. But do you realize that you're killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup?

When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.

Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about "finning". They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks!

拯救鲨鱼队！


很多人都听说过鱼翅汤。 但你有没有意识到，每次你享受一碗鱼翅汤的时候，你都在杀死一整条鲨鱼？

当人们捕捉鲨鱼时，他们割下鲨鱼的鳍，把鲨鱼扔回大海。 这不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。 没有了鳍，鲨鱼就不能游泳，慢慢地死去。 鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中处于食物链的顶端。 如果它们的数量下降得太低，就会给所有的海洋生物带来危险。 许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会濒临灭绝，因为它们是食物链中最强壮的。 但事实上，每年大约有7000万只鲨鱼被捕获并在这个行业中交易。 在过去的二三十年里，某些种类的鲨鱼的数量下降了90%以上。

世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援组织和世界自然基金会，正在向公众传授 “割鳍” 的知识。 他们甚至要求政府制定法律来禁止鱼翅的销售。 到目前为止，还没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有益，那为什么要吃呢？ 帮助拯救鲨鱼！ 短语 Number of sharks caught and traded every year
How governments can help
Two environmental groups against "finning" 每年捕获和交易的鲨鱼数量
政府如何提供帮助
两个反对 “割鳍” 的环保组织


3b

Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box. 再读一遍这篇文章，用方框里的单词填空。 单词 so   although   if   but   when 所以；尽管；如果；但是；什么时候 短语
  1. Many people do not realize they are killing a whole shark _________ they enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup.
  2. Sharks are at the top of the food chain, _________ if their numbers drop, the ocean's ecosystem will be in danger.
  3. Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, _________ they are wrong.
  4. _________ there are no scientific studies to support this , a lot of people believe that shark fins are good for health.
  5. Sharks may disappear one day _________ we do not do something to stop the sale of shark fins.
  1. 许多人没有意识到他们正在杀死一整条鲨鱼 _________ 他们喜欢喝一碗鱼翅汤。
  2. 鲨鱼处于食物链的顶端，_________ 如果它们的数量下降，海洋生态系统将处于危险之中。
  3. 许多人认为鲨鱼太强壮了，不会受到威胁，_________ 他们错了。
  4. _________ 没有科学研究支持这一点，很多人认为鱼翅对健康有益。
  5. 鲨鱼可能有一天会消失 _________ 我们没有采取措施阻止鱼翅的销售。


Grammer Focus

语法重点
We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive
The river used to be so clean. used to
The air is badly polluted. Passive voice
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect
We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs


4a

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 用括号中动词的正确形式填空。 对话 Joe：_________ you ever _________ (take) part in an environmental project?
Ken：Yes, I have. I _________ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city _________ ever _________ (have).
Joe：How many people _________ (take) part?
Ken：I _________ (think) more than 1,000 people _________ (come) to help out.
Joe：That's fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _________ (try) to improve the environment.
Ken：Yes, we can't afford to _________ (wait) any longer to take action! 乔：_________ 你参加过环保项目吗？
肯：是的，我有。我 _________ （帮助）去年的一个清洁日。这是本市有史以来最大的清理工程。
乔：有多少人参加？
肯：我想有1000多人来帮忙。
乔：太棒了！我想这个城市的每个人都在努力改善环境。
肯：是的，我们再也等不起了！


4b

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box. 用方框中适当的情态动词填空。 单词 can   would   could   have to   should   must   may / might can；会；可以；不得不；应该；必须；可能 短文 People _________ think that big things _________ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _________ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _________ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it's a great idea that you now _________ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _________ ride your bike or walk. If it's far, you _________ take the bus. All these small things _________ add up and become big things that _________ improve the environment. Let's take action now! 人们认为应该做大事来拯救地球。许多人忘记了拯救地球始于小事。例如，您 _________ 在离开房间时关灯以节省电力。您 _________ 也使用可重复使用的袋子代替塑料袋。我认为你现在在一些商店为塑料袋付款是个好主意。你 _________ 不开车上学或上班，而是骑自行车或步行。如果很远，你 _________ 乘公共汽车。所有这些小事加在一起，变成了改善环境的大事。让我们现在就行动起来！


4c

Make a list of things that people can do help the environment and discuss your list with your partner. Make a list of things that people can do help the environment and discuss your list with your partner. 列出人们可以做的有助于环境的事情，并与你的伴侣讨论你的清单。 对话 A：I think that everyone should use public transportation.
B：I disagree. It's difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation ... A：我认为每个人都应该使用公共交通工具。
B：我不同意。有小孩的父母很难使用公共交通工具 ...


Section B

B 部分


1a

What can we do to help save the earth? Rank these items from easiest(1) to the most difficult(5). What can we do to help save the earth? Rank these items from easiest(1) to the most difficult(5). 我们能做些什么来帮助拯救地球？将这些项目从最容易的（1）到最难的（5）进行排名。 对话 _________ stop riding in cars
_________ recycle books and paper
_________ turn off the lights when you leave a room
_________ turn off the shower while you are washing your hair
_________ don't use paper napkins _________ 停止乘车
_________ 回收书籍和纸张
_________ 离开房间时关灯
_________ 洗头时关掉淋浴
_________ 不要用餐巾纸


1b

Compare your answers in 1a with your partner. Compare your answers in 1a with your partner. 将你在 1a 中的答案与你的搭档进行比较。 对话 A：Recycling paper is really easy.
B：I agree. But it's hard to stop riding in cars. A：回收纸张真的很容易。
B：我同意。但是很难停止开车。


1c

Listen and check (√) the things that Julia and Jack talk about. Listen and check (√) the things that Julia and Jack talk about. 听录音，检查（√）Julia 和 Jack 谈论的内容。 录音对话 Jack：Turn off the lights, Julia. It saves electricity.
Julia：Oh, I usually do that. I was just in a hurry.
Jack：I see. I've just read a book which gives ideas about how we can save the environment. For example, you should turn off the shower when you're washing your hair.
Julia：Oh, I would never do that. I have very short hair. It only takes a few minutes to wash. What else does it say?
Jack：You should take your own bags when you go shopping.
Julia：Oh, that's easy. I'll do that from now on. What else?
Jack：People should stop riding in cars and start riding bikes.
Julia：No way! It would take me 45 minutes to get to school by bike!
Jack：But it's good for the environment! Besides, I like riding my bike.
Julia：Yes, and you also live close to school! 杰克：把灯关掉，朱莉娅。它节省了电力。
朱莉娅：哦，我通常这样做。我只是赶时间。
杰克：我知道了。我刚刚读了一本书，它提供了我们如何拯救环境的想法。例如，你应该在洗头时关掉淋浴。
朱莉娅：哦，我绝不会那样做。我的头发很短。洗只需要几分钟。上面还写着什么？
杰克：你去购物时应该带上自己的包。
朱莉娅：哦，那很容易。从现在开始我就这么做。还有什么？
杰克：人们应该停止开车，开始骑自行车。
朱莉娅：不可能！骑自行车去学校要花45分钟！
杰克：但这对环境有好处！此外，我喜欢骑自行车。
朱莉娅：是的，而且你住得离学校很近！


1d

Listen again. Check (√) the things that Julia is doing now, the things she will do in the future and the things she would never do. Listen again. Check (√) the things that Julia is doing now, the things she will do in the future and the things she would never do. 再听一遍。勾选（√）茱莉亚现在正在做的事情，她将来会做的事情和她永远不会做的事情。


1e

Make a conversation using the information from the chart above. Say what is true for you. Make a conversation using the information from the chart above. Say what is true for you. 使用上图中的信息进行对话。说出对你来说真实的事。 对话 A：We really shouldn't use paper napkins, you know.
B：I know. I stopped using them last year. A：你知道，我们真的不应该用餐巾纸。
B：我知道。我去年停止使用它们了。


2a

Look at the title and the pictures in 2b. Can you guess what the passage is about? Look at the title and the pictures in 2b. Can you guess what the passage is about? 看 2b 中的标题和图片。你能猜出这段话是关于什么的吗？


2b

Read the passage and complete the chart below. Read the passage and complete the chart below. 阅读文章并完成下表。 短语 UNDERSTANDING PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
Recognize how prefixes and suffixes may change the meanings of words and how they are used. 理解前缀和后缀
认识前缀和后缀如何改变单词的含义以及它们的使用方式。 单词

Rethink, Reuse, Recycle!


Do you often throw away things you don't need anymore? Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use? Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.

You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down. The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society. The president said, "Amy is an inspiration to us all."

Amy isn't the only one who is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don't wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few years now. She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also set up a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and useful. "I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes," she said. "I hope people can read my book and enjoy it!"

Wang Tao set up a small business in Shanghai four years ago. He is known for using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. The more popular works can even be seen in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a "metal art" theme park too show people the importance of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.

回收利用！


你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗？ 你有没有想过如何把这些东西好好利用起来？ 如果你有创造力，没有什么是浪费的。

你可能从未听说过艾米·海耶斯，但她是一个非常不寻常的女人。 她住在英国的一所房子里，那是她自己用垃圾建造的。 窗户和门来自她所在城镇周围被拆除的老建筑。 房子的顶部是一艘翻过来的旧船。 她家门前的大门是用石头和旧玻璃瓶做成的。 艾米最近获得了 “帮助拯救地球协会” 颁发的奖项。 总统说：“艾米鼓舞了我们所有人。”

艾米不是唯一一个擅长回收利用的人。 来自香港的 Jessica Wong 用人们不再穿的旧衣服来做包。 她这样做已经好几年了。 她开了一家小店，在那里出售她的包，她还建立了一个网站，在网上销售这些包。 她特别喜欢用旧牛仔裤做手提包。 她的包既可爱又实用。 “我打算写一本关于旧衣服新用法的书，”她说。 “我希望人们能读到我的书，并喜欢它！”

王涛四年前在上海开了一家小公司。 他以使用旧汽车上的铁和其他材料制作美丽的艺术品而闻名。 有些是看起来像动物或人的大件，有些是可以放在家里的小件。 更受欢迎的作品甚至可以在城市周围的艺术商店看到。 王涛希望建立一个 “金属艺术” 主题公园，向人们展示环境保护的重要性。 艺术不仅能给别人带来快乐，而且还表明，即使是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可以用一点创造力让它焕发生机。


2c

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box. 用方框中短语的正确形式填空。 单词 put to good use   set up   build ... out of   known for   pull down   not only ... but also 好好利用；设置；建筑共个；以；下拉；不仅 ... 而且 短语
  1. Amy Hayes lives in the UK. Many of the old buildings in her neighborhood were _________ .
  2. All the rubbish and old things in Amy's neighborhood were then _________ when Amy built her house.
  3. Amy is very creative. She _________ her front gate _________ rocks and old glass bottles. She put an old boat on top of her house.
  4. Jessica Wong sells her bags in a small shop, but she has also _________ an online business to sell them.
  5. Though Jessica's bags are made from old clothes, her bags are _________ being cute and useful.
  6. Wang Tao _________ makes large pieces of metal art that look like animals or humans, _________ makes smaller pieces for the home.
  1. 艾米·海耶斯住在英国。她附近的许多旧建筑都是 _________ 。
  2. 艾米盖房子的时候，艾米家附近所有的垃圾和旧东西都是 _________ 。
  3. 艾米很有创造力。她 _________ 前门 _________ 石头和旧玻璃瓶。她把一艘旧船放在房子顶上。
  4. 王嘉慧在一家小店里卖她的包，但她也有一家在线公司来卖。
  5. 虽然王嘉慧的包是用旧衣服做的，但她的包很可爱，很有用。
  6. 王涛 _________ 制作看起来像动物或人类的大型金属艺术品，_________ 为家制作较小的艺术品。


2d

Underline the words in the passage based on the words below. What are the differences? Underline the words in the passage based on the words below. What are the differences? 根据下面的单词在文章中的单词下面划线。有什么区别？ 对话 think   special   use   recent   usual   environment   recycle   important   build   protect   create   inspire 思考；特别；使用；最近的；常规；环境；回收；重要的；构建；保护；创建；激励


2e

Make a list of things that need to be done to save the environment. Which things can be done by common people every day? Which things have to be done by governments and organizations? Discuss these with your group. Make a list of things that need to be done to save the environment. Which things can be done by common people every day? Which things have to be done by governments and organizations? Discuss these with your group. 列出需要做的事情来拯救环境。普通人每天可以做哪些事情？政府和组织必须做哪些事情？与小组讨论这些问题。


3a

Think about the environment in your town/city and complete the chart below. Think about the environment in your town/city and complete the chart below. 考虑一下你所在城镇的环境，完成下面的图表。 对话 Which parts of the town/city have a nice environment? Why are they nice? Which parts need to be improved? Why? 这个城镇的哪些地方环境很好？为什么它们很好？哪些零件需要改进？为什么？


3b

Write a letter to the city mayor about the problems and your suggestions. Write a letter to the city mayor about the problems and your suggestions. 给市长写封信，谈谈问题和你的建议。 对话 In your letter, describe the environmental problems in your town/city.

  1. What are the problems?
  2. Where are they?
  3. What or who is causing these problems?

Then, give suggestions or possible ways to solve the problems.
I think that ...
We should/cloud ...
I suggess ... 在你的信中，描述一下你所在城镇的环境问题。

  1. 有什么问题？
  2. 他们在哪里？
  3. 是什么或谁造成了这些问题？

然后，给出解决问题的建议或可能的方法。
我认为 ...
我们应该/云 ...
我建议 ...


Self Check

1、Write different forms of the words. Then add more to each group. 1、Write different forms of the words. Then add more to each group. 1、写出不同形式的单词。然后在每组中添加更多。
2、Match each statement with the grammar structure. 2、Match each statement with the grammar structure. 2、将每个语句与语法结构相匹配。
3、Write ways to cut down on these kinds of pollution. 3、Write ways to cut down on these kinds of pollution. 3、写下减少这些污染的方法。


Words and Expressions

单词汉语词性
litter乱扔
垃圾；废弃物		v. 乱扔
n. 垃圾；废弃物
bottom底部；最下部n.
fisherman渔民；钓鱼的人n.
coal煤；煤块n.
ugly丑陋的；难看的adj.
advantage优点；有利条件n.
cost花费
花费；价钱		v. 花费
n. 花费；价钱
wooden木制的；木头的adj.
plastic塑料的
塑料；塑胶		adj. 塑料的
n. 塑料；塑胶
takeaway外卖食物n.
bin垃圾箱n.
shark鲨鱼n.
fin（鱼）鳍n.
cruel残酷的；残忍的adj.
harmful有害的adj.
be harmful to对 ... 有害
at the top of在 ... 顶部或顶端
chain链子；链条n.
the food chain食物链
ecosystem生态系统n.
industry工业；行业n.
law法律；法规n.
scientific科学上的；科学的adj.
take part in参加
afford承担得起（后果）；买得起v.
turn off关掉
reusable可重复使用的；可再次使用的adj.
pay for付费；付出代价
take action采取行动
transportation运输业；交通运输n.
recycle回收利用；再利用v.
napkin餐巾；餐巾纸n.
throw away扔掉；抛弃
put sth. to good use好好利用某物
pull ... down拆下；摧毁
upside down上下颠倒；倒转
gate大门n.
bottle瓶子n.
president负责人；主席；总统n.
inspiration灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）n.
iron铁n.
work（音乐、艺术）作品n.
metal金属n.
bring back恢复；使想起；归还
creativity创造力；独创性n.
WildAid野生救援协会（美国）
WWF（World Wide Fund for Nature）世界自然基金会
Jason贾森（男名）
Hayes海斯（姓）
Jessica杰西卡（女名）


Notes on the Text

1. So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! 因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，创造更加美好的未来！
 make a difference (to …) 表示 “（对 …）产生影响或作用”。

例如：

Do you think his words would make any difference to the final decision? 你认为他的话会对最后的决定产生影响吗？
The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him. 新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。

2. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. 如果他们（鲨鱼）的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。
 此句复数形式的 number 表达全球海洋中鲨鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number 要用 high 或 low 修饰。

例如：

In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in ciries than in towns and villages. 在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。

 常与 number 搭配的动词有 grow，fall 等。

例如：

The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently. 近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。

3. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. 世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关 “猎翅”（获取鱼翅而猎杀鲨鱼）的行为。
 1）英语中 fin 本为名词，指 “鱼鳍”。此句的 finning 由动词化的 fin（割鲨鱼鳍以获取鱼翅）的 -ing 形式转化而成，指课文中所陈述的 “猎翅”（获取鱼翅而猎杀鲨鱼）这一行为。

 2）WildAid 和 WWF 组织
 WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非营利性的机构，1999 年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救援世界范围内的野生动物；WWF（世界自然基金会）英文名称为 World Wide Fund For Nature，成立于 1961 年，是享有国际盛誉、全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。

4. She lives in house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. 她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成。
 that she built … 是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词 house。
 build / make … out of … 表示 “用 … 建造 / 制作 …”。

例如：

This art piece is made out of glass. 这个艺术品是用玻璃做的。

5. The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. 房子的顶部是一条翻转过来的旧木船。
 此处过去分词短语 turned upside down 意为 “被翻转过来的；被颠倒过来的”，用作后置定语，修饰名词 boat。英语短语和从句用作定语时，一般置于名词之后，作后置定语。

例如：

the sign on the wall 墙上的标志牌（介词短语后置作定语）
the children boating on the lake 湖上泛舟的孩子们（现在分词短语后置作定语）
the stories invented by eight- and nine-year-olds 八九岁小孩子编写的故事（过去分词短语后置作定语）
a machine that can do many kinds of housework 一个能做多种家务的机器（句子后置作定语）

6. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 艺术不但可以给他人带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即便是冰冷，坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
 not only … but also … 是一个并列连词，相当于汉语的 “不但 … 而且 …”。

例如：

Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play but it has also become a popular sport to watch. 篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运动，也成为一项人们喜欢看的运动。
Stonehenge is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places, but also one of its greatest mysteries. 巨石阵不仅是英国最著名的历史古迹之一，也是英国最大的未解之谜之一。

 当 not only … but (also) … 连接两个并列分句时，not only 后的分句用倒装语序。

例如：

Not only did he hear it, but also he saw it. 他不但听见了，而且也看见了。
Not only does he speak English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently. 他不仅英语说得正确，还说得流利。