Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

What's the highest mountain in the world? What's the highest mountain in the world? 世界上最高的山是什么？

Section A

A 部分

Language Goal：Talk about geography and nature Language Goal：Talk about geography and nature 语言目标：谈论地理和自然 地理 Qomolangma
the Caspian Sea
the Nile
the Sahara 珠穆朗玛峰
里海
埃及尼罗河
撒哈拉沙漠


1a

Match the facts you know. Match the facts you know. 与你所知道的事实相符。
Qomolangma about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size
The Sahara 1,025 meters deep
The Caspian Sea 6,671 kilometers long
The Nile 8,848.86 meters high


1b

Listen and complete the sentences. Listen and complete the sentences. 听录音，完成以下句子。 录音对话 Teacher：Yesterday, we learned some important geographical facts. I hope you all still remember them. I'm going to test you now by asking a few questions. First, what's the highest mountain in the world?
Boy  ：Qomolangma! It's higher than any other mountain in the world.
Teacher：That's right. And who can tell me what the Sahara is?
Boy  ：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
Teacher：Very good. And which is the deepest salt lake in the world?
Boy  ：The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.
Teacher：You're all so smart! Now, for the last question, which is the longest river in the world?
Boy  ：I know! The Nile is the longest river in the world.
Boy  ：And the Amazon is the second longest river in the world.
Teacher：It seems that you know the answers to all my questions. Good job! 老师：昨天，我们学习了一些重要的地理知识。我希望你们都还记得他们。我现在要通过问几个问题来测试你。首先，世界上最高的山是什么？
男孩：珠穆朗玛峰！它比世界上任何一座山都高。
老师：没错。谁能告诉我撒哈拉沙漠是什么？
男孩：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
老师：很好。世界上最深的盐湖是哪个？
男孩：里海是所有盐湖中最深的。
老师：你们都很聪明！现在，关于最后一个问题，世界上最长的河流是哪条？
男孩：我知道！尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。
男孩：亚马逊河是世界上第二长的河流。
老师：看来你知道我所有问题的答案。干得好！ 短语
  1. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.
  2. The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
  3. The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.
  4. The Nile is longest river in the world.
  1. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上任何一座山都高。
  2. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
  3. 里海是所有盐湖中最深的。
  4. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。


1c

Use the information in 1b to make conversations. Use the information in 1b to make conversations. 使用 1b 中的信息进行对话。 对话 A：What is the hight mountain in the world?
B：Qomolangma. A：世界上最高的山是什么？
B：珠穆朗玛峰。


2a

Listen and number the facts [1 - 4] in the order you hear them. Listen and number the facts [1 - 4] in the order you hear them. 听录音，按照你听到的顺序把事实记下来 [1-4]。 录音对话 Mike：Hi, I'm Mike. I'm from the United States.
Boy  ：Welcome to our class, Mike. We're happy to meet you.
Mike：Can you tell me a bit more about China?
Girl  ：Sure! Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? It's over 5,000 years old.
Mike：Yes, I did. It's much older than my country -- in fact, the United States is one of the youngest countries in the world. It's not even 300 years old.
Boy  ：And China has the biggest population, too. It's a lot bigger than the population of the United States.
Mike：But China is about the same size as the US, right?
Girl  ：Yes, and it's the biggest country in Asia. We also have some famous rivers. The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. It's about 6,300 kilometers long.
Mike：Wow! I didn't know that. I thought the Yellow River was longer.
Boy  ：No, the Yellow River is 5,464 kilometers long. But both rivers are very important to China. 迈克：嗨，我是迈克。我来自美国。
男孩：欢迎来到我们班，迈克。我们很高兴见到你。
迈克：你能告诉我更多关于中国的事吗？
女孩：当然！你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？它有5000多年的历史了。
迈克：是的，我做了。它比我的国家古老得多——事实上，美国是世界上最年轻的国家之一。它甚至还没有300岁。
男孩：中国也是人口最多的国家。它比美国的人口多得多。
迈克：但是中国和美国差不多大，对吧？
女孩：是的，它是亚洲最大的国家。我们也有一些著名的河流。长江是亚洲最长的河流。它大约有6300公里长。
迈克：哇！我不知道。我以为黄河更长。
男孩：不，黄河有5464公里长。但这两条河对中国都很重要。 短语 6,300   5,000   5,464   300

_________ The Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometers long and the Yellow River is 5,464 kilometers long.
_________ China has the biggest population in the world. It's a lot bigger than the population of the US.
_________ China is over 5,000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The US is not even 300 years old.
_________ China is about the same size as the US, and it is the biggest country in Asia. 6,300   5,000   5,464   300

_________长江长约6300公里，黄河长5464公里。
_________中国是世界上人口最多的国家。它比美国的人口要多得多。
_________中国有5000多年的历史。它的历史比美国长得多，美国还不到300年。
_________中国的面积和美国差不多，是亚洲最大的国家。


2b

Listen again and fill in the blanks in 2a with the number in the box. Listen again and fill in the blanks in 2a with the number in the box. 再听一遍，用方框里的数字填空。


2c

Make conversations using the information in 2a. Make conversations using the information in 2a. 使用 2a 中的信息进行对话。 对话 A：Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?
B：Yes, I did. It's much older than my country. A：你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
B：是的，我做到了。它比我的祖国古老得多。


2d

Role-play the conversation. Role-play the conversation. 角色扮演对话。 对话 Guide ：Feel free to ask me anything on today's Great Wall tour.
Tourist ：How long is the wall?
Guide ：Ah, the most popular question! If we're only talking about the parts from the Ming Dynasty, it's about 8,850 kilometers long. This makes it the longest wall in the world.
Tourist ：Wow, that's amazing! Why did the ancient emperors build the wall?
Guide ：The main reason was to protect their part of the country. As you can see, it's quite tall and wide. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.
Tourist ：Is Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall?
Guide ：Yes, it's the most famous part. 导游 ：今天的长城之旅有什么事可以问我。
游客1：这堵墙有多长？
导游 ：啊，最受欢迎的问题！如果我们只谈论明代的部分，它大约有 8850 公里长。这使它成为世界上最长的墙。
游客2：哇，太神奇了！古代皇帝为什么要建长城？
导游 ：主要原因是为了保护他们在这个国家的一部分。如你所见，它又高又宽。据我所知，没有其他人造物体像这样大。
游客3：八达岭是明长城的一部分吗？
导游 ：是的，这是最有名的部分。


3a

Read the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas. Read the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas. 阅读这篇文章，并将每一段与主要观点相匹配。 段落 Paragraph 1   Spirit of climbers
Paragraph 2   Achievements of climbers
Paragraph 3   Facts and dangers 第1段；登山者的精神第
第2段；登山者的成就第
第3段；事实与危险 短文

Qomolangma -- the Most Dangerous Mountain in the World?


One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most famous. It is 8,8848.86 meters high and so is very dangerous to climb. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
The first people to reach the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1953. The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
Why do so many climbers risk their lives? One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.

珠穆朗玛峰——世界上最危险的山？


登山是世界上最危险的运动之一，而最受欢迎的地方之一就是喜马拉雅山。 喜马拉雅山位于中国的西南部。 在所有的山脉中，珠穆朗玛峰是最高的，也是最有名的。 它有8,8848.86米高，因此攀登是非常危险的。 厚厚的云层覆盖着山顶，雪下得很大。 更严重的困难包括冰冻天气和暴风雨。 当你接近山顶时，也很难吸入空气。

1953年5月29日，丹增·诺盖和埃德蒙·希拉里首次登上珠峰。 中国队在1960年首次成功，而第一位成功的女选手是来自日本的田部淳子 (Junko Tabei)，她在1975年成功。

为什么这么多登山者冒着生命危险？ 其中一个主要原因是人们在面对困难时想要挑战自己。 这些登山者的精神告诉我们，我们永远不应该放弃实现梦想的努力。 它还表明，人类有时可以比自然力量更强大。


3b

Read the article again and complete the chart. Read the article again and complete the chart. 再读一遍这篇文章，完成图表。
Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 1 & 3
List four dangers for climbers List three achievements List four comparisons
thick clouds 1953 – Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the top most dangerous sport


3c

Answer the questions using infomation from the article. Answer the questions using infomation from the article. 使用文章中的信息回答问题。 问题
  1. Where are the HImalayas?
  2. How high is Qomolangma?
  3. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain ever though it is dangerous?
  4. What does the spirit of the climbers tell us?
  1. 喜马拉雅人在哪里？
  2. 珠穆朗玛峰有多高？
  3. 为什么这么多人尽管这座山很危险，却试图爬上去？
  4. 登山者的精神告诉我们什么？


Grammar Focus

语法重点
What’s the highest mountain in the world? Qomolangma.
How high is Qomolangma? It’s 8,848.86 meters high. It’s higher than any other mountain.
Which is the deepest salt lake in the world? The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.
Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? Yes, I did. It’s much older than the US.


4a

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 用方框中单词的正确形式填空。 单词 big   much   popular   long   old   high 大；很多；流行的；长的；旧的；高的 短语
  1. The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world. It's a little longer than the Yangtze River.
  2. Qomolangma is 8,848.86 meters hight. It's one of the most popular places for serious mountain climbers.
  3. No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.
  4. Although Japan is older than Canada, it is much smaller.
  1. 亚马逊河是世界上最长的河流之一。它比长江长一点。
  2. 珠穆朗玛峰高8848.86米。这是最受严肃登山者欢迎的地方之一。
  3. 世界上没有一个海洋像太平洋那么大。
  4. 尽管日本比加拿大老，但它要小得多。


4b

Write two comparisone about two topic. Write true facts. Write two comparisone about two topic. Write true facts. 写两篇关于两个主题的比较文章。写出真实的事实。 问题 e.g. Two rivers：the Yangtze River and the Amazon River The Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River. The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest river in China.

Two cities：_________ and _________
1. _________
2. _________
Two animals：_________ and _________
1. _________
2. _________ 两条河：长江和亚马逊河长江几乎和亚马逊江一样长。亚马逊河比长江长，但长江是中国最长的河流。

两个城市：_________ 和 _________
 1. _________
 2. _________
两只动物：_________ 和 _________
 1. _________
 2. _________


4c

Write five questions using comparisons. Then ask your partner your questions. Write five questions using comparisons. Then ask your partner your questions. 通过比较写出五个问题。然后问你的伴侣你的问题。 问题
  1. What is the highest building in our city?
  2. _________
  3. _________
  4. _________
  5. _________
  1. 我们城市最高的建筑是什么？
  2. _________
  3. _________
  4. _________
  5. _________


Section B

B 部分


1a

Compare facts about these two animals. Use th language in the box to help you make sentences. Compare facts about these two animals. Use th language in the box to help you make sentences. 比较关于这两种动物的事实。使用方框中的语言来帮助你造句。 短文 Elephant
-- is 350 cm tall
-- weighs 5,000 kilos
-- eats 150 kilos of food a day

Panda
-- is 150 cm tall
(standing on two legs)
-- weighs 100 kilos
-- eats 10 kilos of food a day

Example sentence:
This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. (200 cm taller/shorter, weigh much more/less, eat much more/less, eat many times more) 大象
--身高350厘米
--重5000公斤
--每天吃150公斤食物

熊猫
--身高150厘米（双腿站立）
--重100公斤
--每天吃10公斤食物

例句：
这头大象比这只熊猫重很多倍。（高/矮200厘米，体重多/少，多吃/少吃，多吃很多倍）


1b

Listen and check (√) the numbers you hear. Listen and check (√) the numbers you hear. 听录音，勾选你听到的数字。 录音对话 Teacher：Do you have any questions about baby pandas?
Boy  ：Are they much smaller than an adult panda?
Teacher：Yes. When they're born, they only weigh about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos.
Boy  ：Wow, that's small! I know an adult panda weighs many times more than a baby.
Teacher：That's right. And the adult pandas weight around 100 kilos.
Boy  ：What about the size of a baby panda? How small is it?
Teacher：At birth, it's only around 15 cm long, but an adult panda is around 150 cm long.
Girl  ：Is a baby panda also black and white?
Teacher：No, you would never guess! A baby panda is pink and it cannot see. It also doesn't have any teeth.
Girl  ：How long can pandas live?
Teacher：They can live up to 20 to 30 years. 老师：你对熊猫宝宝有什么问题吗？
男孩：它们比成年熊猫小得多吗？
老师：是的。当它们出生时，体重只有0.1到0.2公斤左右。
男孩：哇，那太小了！我知道一只成年熊猫的体重是婴儿的很多倍。
老师：没错。成年熊猫的体重约为100公斤。
男孩：熊猫宝宝有多大？它有多小？
老师：出生时，它只有大约15厘米长，但成年熊猫大约150厘米长。
女孩：熊猫宝宝也是黑白的吗？
老师：不，你永远猜不到！一只熊猫宝宝是粉红色的，它看不见。它也没有牙齿。
女孩：熊猫能活多久？
老师：它们可以活到20到30岁。


1c

Listen again and complete the sentences. Listen again and complete the sentences. 再听一遍，完成以下句子。 短语
  1. At birth, a baby panda is about _________ to _________ kilos.
  2. At birth, a boby panda is about _________ cm long.
  3. A baby panda is not black. It is _________ and it has no _________ .
  4. A panda can live up to _________ to _________ years.
  1. 熊猫宝宝出生时体重约为 _________ 至 _________ 公斤。
  2. 出生时，一只矮胖的大熊猫大约有 _________ 厘米长。
  3. 熊猫宝宝不是黑色的。它是 _________ ，没有 _________ 。
  4. 大熊猫的寿命可达 _________ 至 _________ 年。


1d

Take turns telling your classmates about pandas. Take turns telling your classmates about pandas. 轮流告诉你的同学关于熊猫的事。 短语 A：A baby panda cannot see.
B：An adult panda weighs many times more than a baby panda. A：熊猫宝宝看不见东西。
B：一只成年大熊猫的体重是一只小熊猫的数倍。


2a

Talk about pandas in your class. Use these words to help you. Talk about pandas in your class. Use these words to help you. 在课堂上谈论熊猫。用这些词来帮助你。 单词 big   Sichuan   bamboo   famous   zoo   endangered   popular   beautiful   cute   forest   black and white   protect 大；四川；竹子；著名的；动物园；濒临灭绝；流行的；美丽的；可爱的；森林；黑白；保护


2b

Read the article to find out what these numbers mean：10, 12, 300, 2,000. Read the article to find out what these numbers mean：10, 12, 300, 2,000. 阅读这篇文章，了解这些数字的含义：10、12、300、2000。 短文 It is 8:30 a.m. at the Chengdu Research Base. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas' breakfast. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. When the babies see the keepers, they run over to then with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over!

Lin Wei, one of the panda keepers says, "They're so cute and lovely. I take care of them like they're my own babies. I wash, feed and play with them every day. They're very special to me." In fact, many people around the world love these black and white animals. Pandas have become so popular that they are now a symbol of China.

Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe only one every two years. The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. Many years ago, these were a lot more bamboo forests and pandas in China, but then humans started to cut down these forests. As the forests get smaller and other human activities cause more problems, pandas cannot find enough to eat and they are having fewer babies.

An education program in Chengdu teaches children about pandas and other endangered wild animals. They send people to schools to tell children about the importance of saving these animals. And the Chinese government is trying hard to help save the pandas. Scientists are doing research to better understand the habits of pandas. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas. 现在是上午8点半，在成都研究基地。 熊猫饲养员正在为熊猫宝宝的早餐准备牛奶。 早上9点，他们发现大多数宝宝已经醒了，而且饿了。 当熊猫宝宝看到饲养员时，他们兴奋地跑过去，一些熊猫宝宝甚至撞到他们的朋友身上摔倒了！

熊猫饲养员林伟说:“它们太可爱了。 我像照顾自己的孩子一样照顾他们。 我每天给它们洗澡、喂食、玩耍。 它们对我来说很特别。” 事实上，世界上很多人都喜欢这些黑白相间的动物。 熊猫已经变得如此受欢迎，它们现在是中国的象征。

科学家说，现在生活在森林里的大熊猫不到2000只。 另有300只左右生活在中国和其他国家的动物园或研究中心。 熊猫没有很多宝宝，可能每两年才生一个。 婴儿往往死于疾病，活不了多久。 成年大熊猫每天要花12个多小时吃大约10公斤的竹子。 许多年前，中国有更多的竹林和大熊猫，但后来人类开始砍伐这些森林。 随着森林面积的缩小和其他人类活动造成的问题越来越多，大熊猫找不到足够的食物，它们的宝宝也越来越少。

成都的一个教育项目教孩子们关于熊猫和其他濒危野生动物的知识。 他们派人去学校告诉孩子们拯救这些动物的重要性。 中国政府正在努力帮助拯救大熊猫。 科学家们正在进行研究以更好地了解熊猫的习性。 我们都希望将来会有更多的熊猫。


2c

Read the article again and write short answers to the questions. Read the article again and write short answers to the questions. 再读一遍这篇文章，写出问题的简短答案。 短语
  1. What is Lin Wei's job? _________
  2. What do the baby pandas have for breakfast? _________
  3. Why are pandas endangered? _________
  4. What does the educaton program in Chendu do? _________
  5. Why are scientists doing research? _________
  1. 林伟的工作是什么 _________
  2. 熊猫宝宝早餐吃什么 _________
  3. 为什么大熊猫濒临灭绝 _________
  4. 成都的教育项目是做什么的 _________
  5. 科学家为什么要做研究 _________


2d

Complete the sentences using words from the passage. Complete the sentences using words from the passage. 用短文中的单词完成句子。 短语
  1. The panda keeps at the Chengdu Research Base are awake early in the morning to prepare breakfast for the baby pandas.
  2. In fact, pandas have become so popular that they are now a symbol of China.
  3. Adult pandas do not have babies very often, and some of the babies only live for a short time because of illnesses.
  4. A special program in Chengdu teaches children about why pandas are imortant.
  5. The Chinese government is helping to save the pandas. Scientists also want to better better the habits of pandas.
  1. 成都研究基地的熊猫饲养员一大早就醒着，为熊猫宝宝准备早餐。
  2. 事实上，熊猫已经变得如此受欢迎，以至于它们现在成了中国的象征。
  3. 成年大熊猫不经常生孩子，有些孩子因为生病只能活很短时间。
  4. 成都的一个特别节目教孩子们熊猫为什么是动物。
  5. 中国政府正在帮助拯救熊猫。科学家们还希望改善大熊猫的生活习惯。


2e

What other ways do you think children can help to save the pandas? What other ways do you think children can help to save the pandas? 你认为孩子们还有什么其他的方法可以帮助拯救熊猫？


3a

Read the following words and phrases about whales. Put them in the correct place in the chart. Read the following words and phrases about whales. Put them in the correct place in the chart. 阅读以下关于鲸鱼的单词和短语。把它们放在图表的正确位置。 短语
  • Humans catch whales for meat, fat and oil
  • Eat small fish and other sea life
  • Jump high out of the water
  • Rules on whale protection
  • Huge
  • Water pollution

  • Live in the sea
  • Some kinds have teeth
  • Learn more about whales
  • Stop more about whales
  • Stop putting rubbish into the sea
  • Sing songs
  • Whale parts sold to make things like candles and soap
  • 人类捕获鲸鱼以获取肉、脂肪和油
  • 吃小鱼和其他海洋生物
  • 高高跃出水面
  • 鲸鱼保护规则
  • 巨大
  • 水污染

  • 住在海里
  • 有些种类有牙齿
  • 了解有关鲸鱼的更多信息
  • 停止更多关于鲸鱼的信息
  • 别再往海里扔垃圾了
  • 唱歌
  • 出售鲸鱼的零件来制作蜡烛和肥皂
 短语 What do they look like?
Where do they live?
What do they eat?
What can they do?
Why do some of them have to be protected?
How can we protect them? 它们长什么样？
他们住在哪里？
他们吃什么？
他们能做什么？
为什么他们中的一些人必须受到保护？
我们如何保护他们？


3b

Write a paragraph about whales and why they need to be protected. Use the information in 3a. Then make a poster. Write a paragraph about whales and why they need to be protected. Use the information in 3a. Then make a poster. 写一段关于鲸鱼以及为什么需要保护它们的文章。使用 3a 中的信息。然后做一张海报。 短语 Whales are ... They live in ... They eat ... They can ...
One interesting fact is ... Another interesting fact is ...
Some kinds of whales are in danger because ...
We should protect whales from ...
I think people should/shouldn't ... 鲸鱼是 ... 他们住在 ... 他们吃 ... 他们可以 ...
一个有趣的事实是 ... 另一个有趣的事实是 ...
有些种类的鲸鱼处于危险之中，因为 ...
我们应该保护鲸鱼免受 ...
我认为人们不应该 ...


Self Check

1、Complete the chart. 1、Complete the chart. 1、完成图表。
Adjectives Comparatives Superlatives
high
dangerous
long
popular
2、Match verbs and objects. Then add one more object to each list. 2、Match verbs and objects. Then add one more object to each list. 2、匹配动词和宾语。然后在每个列表中再添加一个对象。
Verbs Objects
1. reach a. my life, my money, …
2. achieve b. the top of a mountain, the library, …
3. risk c. my dream, success, …
3、Circle the correct word and /or fill in the blank with the correct form of the word in brackets for each sentence. 3、Circle the correct word and /or fill in the blank with the correct form of the word in brackets for each sentence. 3、圈出正确的单词和 / 或用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 短语
  1. An elephant weight (few / many) times more than a dog.
  2. An adult panda can eat (much / a little) more than a cat.
  3. Canada is a (little / lot) less _________ (crowded) than India.
  4. A tiger is (much / a little) _________ (strong) than a man.
  1. 大象的体重是狗的几倍。
  2. 一只成年大熊猫比一只猫能吃得多（很多/一点点）。
  3. 加拿大比印度少（少/多）_________（拥挤）。
  4. 老虎比人强壮。


Words and Expressions

单词汉语词性
square平方；正方形的
正方形；广场		adj. 平方；正方形的
n. 正方形；广场
meter（= metre）米；公尺n.
deep深的；纵深的adj.
desert沙漠n.
population人口；人口数量n.
Asia亚洲n.
feel free（可以）随便（做某事）
tour旅行；旅游n. & v.
tourist旅行者；观光者n.
wall墙n.
amazing令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜（或惊叹）的adj.
ancient古代的；古老的adj.
protect保护；防护v.
wide宽的；宽阔的adj.
as far as I know就我所知
man-made人造的adj.
achievement成就；成绩n.
southwestern西南的；西南方向的adj.
thick厚的；浓的adj.
include包括；包含v.
freezing极冷的；冰冻的adj.
condition条件；状况n.
take in吸入
succeed实现目标；成功v.
challenge挑战；考验v. & n.
in the face of面对（问题、困难等）
achieve达到；完成；成功v.
force力；力量n.
nature自然界；大自然n.
even though（= even if）即使；虽然
ocean大海；海洋n.
the Pacific Ocean太平洋
cm（= centimeter / centimetre）厘米
weigh重量是 ...；称 ... 的重量v.
birth出生；诞生n.
at birth出生时
up to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；不多于
adult成年的；成人的
成人；成年动物		adj. 成年的；成人的
n. 成人；成年动物
bamboo竹子n.
endangered濒危的adj.
research研究；调查（用作名词时，重音可放在第一个音节）n. & v.
keeper饲养员；保管人n.
awake醒着adj.
excitement激动；兴奋n.
walk into走路时撞着
fall over绊倒
or so大约
illness疾病；病n.
wild野生的adj.
government政府；内阁n.
whale鲸n.
oil油；食用油；石油n.
protection保护；保卫n.
huge巨大的；极多的adj.
Tenzing Norgay丹增 · 诺尔盖
Edmund Hillary埃德蒙 · 希拉里
Junko Tabei田部井淳子
Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰
the Nile尼罗河
the Caspian Sea里海
the Sahara撒哈拉沙漠
the Yangtze River长江
the Yellow River黄河
the Ming Dynasty明朝
the Ming Great Wall明长城
the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉
the Amazon River亚马孙河
Chengdu Research Base成都研究基地


Notes on the Text

1. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour. 在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。
 feel free 是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人让你 feel free to do something，就是让你无拘无束，只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。

例如：

A：Can I use your bathroom? 我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？
B：Yes, fell free. 可以，请随意。

2. As far as I know, there are no other man-made object as big as this. 据我所知，再没有其他像它这样大的人造物体了。
 as far as I know 是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说 so far as I know，意思是 ”据我所知“。

例如：

As far as I know, Jack’s got twin sisters. 据我所知，杰克有一对孪生姐妹。
They’re not coming today, so far as I know. 他们今天不来了 – 就我所知是这样的。

3. the Ming Great Wall 明长城
 ”明长城“ 是指明朝时期为了防御北方游牧名族的骚扰，在北部地区修筑的军事防御工程。这段长城东起辽宁虎山，西至甘肃嘉峪关，从东向西横贯多个省、直辖市、自治区，全长约 8850 千米，是现存历代长城遗迹中最完整、最坚固的。

4. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. 更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。
 1）difficulty 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，在此用作可数名词。作可数名词时，difficulty 通常用作复数，表示具体概念，即：各种各样 “困难；难题；难事”。

例如：

People learning a new language may face some difficulties. 人们学习一门新的语言时可能会遇到一些困难。
If you have any difficlties, you can call me for help. 如果你遇到任何困难，给我大电话求助好了。

 作不可数名词时，difficulty 可译作 ”困难；艰难；辛苦；费劲；“，

例如：

He had great difficlty in finding a new job. 他找新的工作费了很大劲。
We found the house without difficulty. 我们轻而易举地找到了那座房子。

 2）include 表示 ”包括；包含“，是一个及物动词。

例如：

Does your price of the bike include this light? 你们的车价包含这盏车灯吗？

5. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们决不应该放弃实现自己梦想的尝试。
 1）give up doing something 的意思是 ”放弃做某事；半途而废“。

再如：

He gave up learing a third language after he got the job. 他找到工作之后就放弃了对第三们语言的学习。

 2）achieve our dreams 相当于 make our dreams come true, 其中动词 achieve 表示 ”（通过努力）实现；取得；获取；达到（梦想、成绩、成功、目的）“ 等。

例如：

He achieved great success in a short time. 他用很短的时间取得了极大的成功。
Lin Tao achieved very good exam results. 林涛考试取得了很好的成绩。

6. … they run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over! … 它们兴奋地跑向饲养员，其中一些年幼的熊猫甚至撞上自己的伙伴而跌倒！
 此句中 run over, walk into 和 fall over 均为短语动词。
 1）run over 的意思是 ”跑上前去；跑过去“，其中 over 用作副词，表示 ”从 … 的一边到另一边；穿越“。

例如：

She ran over to say hello, but I didn’t recognize her. 她跑过来打招呼，但我没有认出她来。

 2）walk into 表示 ”（走路时意外地）撞上“。

例如：

As he was thinking too deeply and not paying attention to where he was going, he walked straight into a tree. 由于他陷入沉思，没有注意看路，径直撞到了一颗树上。

 3）fall over 表示 ”摔倒；跌跤；倒下“。

例如：

Don’t run too fast, or you might fall over. 别跑得太快，要不你会摔跤的。
Many trees fell over after the storm. 暴风雨后许多树木都倒了。

emsp;fall over something 则表示 ”被某物绊倒“，

例如：

Tommy fell over the dog and broke his front teeth. 汤米被那只狗绊了一跤，磕断了门牙。

7. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. 科学家们说如今生活再森林里的熊猫不足 200 只。
 此句中 living in the forests 是一个现在分词短语，用作定语，修饰名词 pandas.

又如：

the girls singing under the tree 树底下唱歌的姑娘们
the women washing clothes by the river 河边洗衣服的妇女们